Climat : papiers de recherche moissonnés (23 novembre 2016)

Enhancing transparency of climate finance under the Paris Agreement: lessons from experience / Jane Ellis and Sara Moarif. IEA/OECD Climate Change Expert Group, October 2016, 45 p. http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/Enhancing-transparency-of-climate-finance.pdf

An enhanced transparency framework will be a central component of the post-2020 international climate policy regime under the Paris Agreement. This paper explores the issue of transparency of climate finance information in the context of climate finance goals under the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The transparency framework of the Paris Agreement covers only a subset of climate finance, i.e. finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries, climate finance provided and mobilised by “other” countries for developing countries, as well as climate finance received by developing countries. This paper focuses on data collection, reporting and review of these elements, and explores how the transparency of information on climate finance provided and mobilised could be improved from current arrangements in order to meet the aims set out in the Paris Agreement.

Enhancing transparency of climate change mitigation under the Paris Agreement: lessons from experience / Gregory Briner and Sara Moarif. IEA/OECD Climate Change Expert Group, October 2016, 40 p. http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/Enhancing-transparency-of-Climate-change-mitigation.pdf

An enhanced transparency framework will be a central component of the post-2020 international climate policy regime under the Paris Agreement, underpinning the dynamic process of updating nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and providing input to the global stocktakes of progress towards the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. The enhanced transparency framework will apply to all Parties, with flexibility in light of capacities. This paper highlights lessons learned from the existing transparency framework for mitigation that can help inform the development of modalities, procedures and guidelines for the enhanced transparency framework under the Paris Agreement. It outlines how clearer and more detailed reporting guidelines could be developed for communication of the mitigation components of NDCs and reporting on progress in their implementation and achievement, based on NDC type.  It also describes how the current review and analysis processes applied to greenhouse gas inventories, national communications, biennial reports and biennial update reports have generally had a positive impact on the quality of reporting to the UNFCCC, and discusses how regular cycles of technical review and multilateral consideration of progress could help facilitate continuous improvements in measurement and reporting for all Parties.

Possible structure of mitigation-related modalities, procedures and guidelines for the enhanced transparency framework / Gregory Briner and Sara Moarif. IEA/OECD Climate Change Expert Group, October 2016, 20 p. http://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/Possible-structure-of-mitigation.pdf

This note presents a possible structure for the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the mitigation-related aspects of the enhanced transparency framework, as well as the possible contents of a covering decision under the Paris Agreement. The scope of the note includes reporting, technical expert review and multilateral consideration of progress, taking into account lessons learned from experience with reporting, review and other relevant processes under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. The purpose of the note is to serve as a helpful point of reference for UNFCCC transparency negotiators by flagging issues that will need to be addressed when Parties develop modalities, procedures and guidelines in this area, and by providing links to existing provisions or guidance for each topic.

Le secteur financier face à la transition vers une économie bas-carbone résiliente au changement climatique / Jean Boissinot, Doryane Huber, Isabelle Camilier-Cortial, Gildas Lame, Trésor-Eco, n° 185, novembre 2016, 8 p. http://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/File/430068

La croissance économique et les profonds changements intervenus depuis la fin du XIXe siècle sont allés de pair avec une augmentation sans précédent des températures et des changements plus larges dans le climat mondial. Ayant collectivement pris conscience que la poursuite du réchauffement climatique pourrait conduire à des dommages irréversibles pour la planète, la communauté internationale a confirmé à la COP21 l’objectif fixé en 2010 : contenir l’élévation de la température moyenne nettement en dessous de 2°C et poursuivre l’action menée pour limiter l’élévation des températures à 1,5°C…

Trends and projections in Europe 2016 – Tracking progress towards Europe’s climate and energy targets. European Environment Agency, Nov. 2016, 80 p. (EEA Report No 29/2016) http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/trends-and-projections-in-europe

The 2016 edition of the annual EEA report, Trends and projections in Europe, provides an updated assessment of the progress of the EU and European countries towards their climate mitigation and energy targets.

La balance du carbone incorporé au commerce bilatéral entre la France et la Chine : transferts d’émissions ou nouvelles créations ? / Jie He, Johan Jacquemi, Revue économique, vol. 67, n° 6, 2016, pp. 1179-1210 http://www.cairn.info/revue-economique-2016-6-page-1179.htm

Selon le cinquième rapport du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC), la nécessité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) est encore plus urgente qu’auparavant. Il ne fait désormais plus de doute que les changements climatiques sont la conséquence directe des activités humaines, et leurs répercussions se font déjà sentir. Le protocole de Kyoto est le seul accord international qui impose des objectifs explicites de réduction des émissions. Par sa ratification, les pays mentionnés dans son Annexe B se sont engagés à une réduction moyenne de leurs émissions de GES de 5,2 % par rapport au niveau de 1990, pour la période de 2008 à 2012. En 2012, lors de la 18^e réunion de la Conférence des parties (Conference of Parties, COP) à la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC), face à la difficulté d’obtenir un consensus politique, l’accord de Kyoto a été reconduit in extrémis jusqu’en 2020…

Danièle Revel

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