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Étiqueté : renewable energy

Green energy and technology

This book is divided in three parts. The first part treats how green energy can reduce the impact on the environment. The second part deals with renewable energy sources. The third part shows various applications of green energy on the transport sector.

Cooperation mechanisms of the EU renewable energy directive and flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol

This working paper discusses similarities and differences between the cooperation mechanisms of the EU renewable energy directive (RES directive) and the flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. The cooperation mechanisms allow the (virtual) trade of renewable energy and were introduced with the RES directive to provide Member States with greater flexibility to achieve their national targets for renewable energy sources…

Transaction costs of low-carbon technologies and policies : the diverging literature

Transaction costs are major challenge to moving forward toward low-carbon economic growth, as new technologies or policies tend to have higher transaction costs compared with those in the business as usual situation. However, neither a well-developed theoretical foundation nor a consensus interpretation is available for those transaction costs in the existing literature…

Effectiveness of policies and strategies to increase the capacity utilisation of intermittent renewable power plants

Intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, will become increasingly important in the electricity supply mix if ambitious renewable energy targets are to be met. This paper presents evidence on the effectiveness of different strategies and measures to increase the capacity utilisation of wind and other intermittent renewable energy plants…

Domestic incentive measures for renewable energy with possible trade implications

In recent years the manufacturing of renewable-energy technologies has become truly global. The associated rise in international investment and trade in goods and services related to renewable energy has been rapid, but it has not always been smooth. Already there have been challenges at the WTO, and the unilateral imposition of countervailing and anti-dumping duties, in response to some countries‘ policies on the grounds that they distort trade…

Flexibility in Europe’s power sector – an additional requirement or an automatic complement?

(…) This paper analyzes whether there is a need for additional incentive mechanisms for flexibility in electricity markets with a high share of renewables. For this purpose, we simulate the development of the European electricity markets up to the year 2050 using a linear investment and dispatch optimization model…

Global tracking framework. Sustainable energy for all

In declaring 2012 the international year of sustainable energy for all, the United Nations (UN) general assembly (2011) established at the personal initiative of the UN secretary general- three global objectives to be accomplished by 2030. Those goals are to ensure universal access to modern energy services (including electricity and clean, modern cooking solutions), to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency, and to double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix…